It is often interseeded into corn for weed suppression clark, 2007. The focus within this guide will be on production of dried blackeye pea, which can be harvested with conventional grain combines. The research was conducted in rimi local government area of katsina state, northwest of nigeria. This is because cowpea cultivars tend to have narrow range of adaptation as cultivars developed for one zone usually are not very productive in other zones. Yield performance of cowpea as influenced by insecticide. And is indeterminate when it cultivated in suitable growing conditions. There are many reported studies on the effects of p application on growth and yield of cowpea owolade et al. The history of cowpea dates to ancient west african cereal farming, 5 to 6 thousand years ago, where it was closely associated with the cultivation of sorghum and pearl millet. Cowpea is gradually attaining economic importance in nigeria, particularly in the southern states of nigeria, even though the bulk of the production is done in the semi arid zone of northern nigeria petuibikunle and smith, 2008. Typical double cropping systems in these zones include maize cowpea, milletmaize, millet cowpea and groundnutmaize. Varieties as influenced by weed control treatments in the sudan savanna of nigeria. Cowpea is the most important pulse in tropical africa, and it is grown from along tbe southern fringes of the s3bara from the west coast to east africa and southwards. Idah sitholeniang will serve as liaison between ngica, cowpea scientists, and aatf and will prepare the technical report for the july 1011 sgm.
Cowpea beans flour production in nigeria, the feasibility report. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield of cowpea. In uganda total production deteriorated sharply after 1975. Grain legumes production, consumption and trade trends.
Cowpea is a diploid with 2n 22 and a genome size of about 620 million base pairs. Description of cropping systems, climate, and soils in nigeria by dr. West and central africa are the leading cowpea producing regions in the world. It is grown extensively in the low lands and midaltitude regions of africa particularly in the dry savanna sometimes as sole. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield of cowpea vigna unguiculata. Sep 04, 2018 weed control tips for growing cowpeas. Nigeria is the worlds leading cowpea producing country, followed by.
The experiment consisted of two cowpea varieties it97k49935 and it93k4521 and weed control treatments metolachlor at 2 levels of 1. After observing all the good cowpea cultivation practices, postharvest is the most important factor, to make sure your sweat is not in vain. The crop therefore has a great potential in contributing to alleviation of malnutrition among resourcepoor farmers. Assessment of field insect pests damage on cowpea in gombe state, nigeria samaila, a.
It originated and was domesticated in southern africa and was later moved to east and west africa. Department of agronomy, federal university of kashere, pmb 0182 gombe state abstract. In addition, the first wild cowpea accession was collected in northern nigeria by j. Cowpea vigna unguiculata, is a food and animal feed crop grown in the semiarid tro rich in potassium with good amount of calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, vitamin a and c, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin b6, and panthothenic acid, cowpea is a warm season crop that cannot stand cold weather. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed. Pics bags filled with cowpeas await the bag opening ceremony kano, nigeria. Cowpea farming is a great opportunity for you to start earning big money from the agricultural sector in nigeria. The cowpea is subject to such wide and easy variation as the result of climate and other envi ronment that any treatment of varieties is unsat isfact fry.
Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets. Beanscowpea farming business plan is a lucrative business that needs a lot of strategic planning to start and a business coach like dayo adetiloye to help you start the. Conditions for growing cowpea rainfall 250500 mm of well distributed rainfall during the growing season is adequate for cowpea production. The study described the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents. The cowpea is an annual herb plant that has varying growth habits. In nigeria, the seeds are eaten after boiling to softness and mixed with pepper.
Effect of tillage on the growth and yield of cowpea varieties in sudan savanna agroecology of northern nigeria sylvester u. It is no longer news to you that the agricultural sector of nigeria is so diverse, ranging from tree and food crops to forestry, livestock, and fishery. Grain legumes production, consumption and trade trends in developing countries working paper series no. Cowpea is largely produced in africa 80% with nigeria and niger predominating, but brazil, west india, myanmar, sri lanka, australia, the united states, bosnia and herzegovina all have significant production quinn, 1999. Nigeria is the largest cowpea producer in the world and accounts for over 2. It is bounded by the atlantic ocean to the south and by. Soil fertility management and cowpea production in the. A study on the growth and yield performance of seven cowpea varieties was conducted during the.
Nigeria is the largest producer accounting with 45 percent of the total, followed by. Nigeria is the worlds leading cowpea producing country, followed by brazil. Adoption of innovative cowpea production practices in a. Mar 18, 2015 initial stages of growth, one weeding more than enough to control the weed in cowpea farming. Assessment of field insect pests damage on cowpea in gombe. Bahadur singh1,3 1icrisatkano, pmb 3491, kano, nigeria. As a crop largely depended upon for food in nigeria, its growth and yield have become a focus and all. The commonly cultivated cowpea belongs to cultivar group unguiculata while members of cultivar group textilis, characterized by long peduncles are grown in some parts of nigeria for production of fibre. Cowpea beans flour production in nigeria, the feasibility. Growth and yield responses of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Although there is no archaeological evidence for early cowpea cultivation, the centre of diversity of the cultivated cowpea is west africa, leading an early consensus that this is the likely centre of origin and place of early domestication. Cowpea originated in africa and is widely grown in africa, latin america, southeast asia and in the southern united states.
Row crop cultivation is best recommended method cultivation for cowpeas, depending on the weed pressure, soil conditions, and rainfall. In inland areas, cowpea crops appear more sensitive to attack by black cowpea aphid than does lablab. Nigeria, the largest producer and consumer, accounts for 61% of production in africa and 58% worldwide. Survey of cowpea growing areas in the eleven 11 local government areas of gombe state was carried out. Growing cowpeas, cultivation practices for beginners asia. Five cowpea production constraint areas were identified i seed production access ii field production iii storageutilization iv. The plant can be erect, trailing, climbing or bushy. Effects of climate change on cowpea yield in kaduna state. Although cowpea is known to be a quick growing weedfighter, it is less successful at suppressing perennial grasses, so cultivation of rows may.
The permit granted by the national biosafety management agency of nigeria allows the developer to proceed with preparations for commercial production of cowpea by farmers in nigeria. The cowpea is one of the mandated crops addressed by the international institute of tropical agriculture, ibadan, nigeria. This study determines the adoption of cowpea production technologies among farmers in taraba state, nigeria. The production guide is meant to provide field based agricultural extension personnel and farmers with quick reference material to guide them in the promotion of cowpea production. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets 7 functioning biosafety regime, multilocation trials were conducted in zaria, minijibir and bajura during 2014, to generate data in order to support an application for general release. The production trend shows a significant improvement of cowpea cultivation in this country from 1961 to 1995. That is why cowpea crops could be an interesting alternative for grain and forage in dry zones of this country and central america regions. Initial stages of growth, one weeding more than enough to control the weed in cowpea farming. Growth and yield performance of improved cowpea vigna. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield of. Constraints to cowpea production and utilization in sub. Cowpea farming, planting, care, harveting, yield agri farming.
Profitability analysis of cowpea production in rural areas. Effect of interrow spacing on some selected cowpea vigna. Beanscowpea farming business plan is a lucrative business that needs a lot of strategic planning to start and a business coach like dayo adetiloye to help you start the implementation. Soil fertility management and cowpea production in the semiarid tropics 4. Cowpea varieties, growth, yield parameters, asaba, nigeria. In the forest zone, cowpea may not be grown as the first crop on lands. Trials for the pbr cowpea are going on in other african countries, including ghana and burkina faso. Worldwide cowpea production in 1981 was estimated at 2,7 million tons from 7,7 mil lion ha. Over 80% of cowpea production is confined to west africa with niger, nigeria and burkina faso alone contributing 83% of the production area and 77% of the total production faostat, 2012.
The importance of cowpea as a crop that cannot be dispensed with in the agriculture of the subsistence farmers in south sudan and the characteristics of cowpea plant type of roots, leaves, stem. Evaluation of eight varieties of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Adopt healthy postharvest techniques to store cowpea for longer periods. Legume seeds famously deliver the amino acids needed to grow or repair proteinbased tissues such as brain, nerve, and muscle, as well as to. Groundnut or peanut arachis hypogaea is a major crop grown in the arid and semiarid zone of nigeria. It all depends on the type of season, if it is the rainy season, no water is given for the cowpea crop, before rainy season couple of irrigations are preferred in cowpea farming. Introduction cowpea is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the family fabaceae and subfamily, fabiodeae. Cowpea cultivation is mainly under traditional systems and cowpea grain yields in farmers. More than 8 million hectares of cowpea are grown in west and central africa. Cowpea is a legume that is extensively grown throughout subsaharan. Effects of climate change on cowpea yield in kaduna state, nigeria. Profitability analysis of cowpea production in rural areas of.
Annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds can be controlled by a presowing application of herbicide. This widely cultivated and adapted crop is of great importance in the. Considering all the protein sources that might possibly help africas malnourished millions, none seems more promising or more practical than grain legumes. In nigeria, two technologiesimproved cowpea varieties and drought tolerant maize varieties have contributed to getting an estimated 3. Cowpea is considered more tolerant to drought than even soybeans or mung beans, due to its tendency to form a deep tap root.
Vigna unguiculata cowpea is a food and animal feed crop grown in the semiarid tropics covering africa, asia, europe, united states and central and south america. Yield performance of cowpea as influenced by insecticide types and their combinations in the dry savannas of nigeria hakeem ayinde ajeigbe1, rabiu s. More than one hundred different names are on record purporting to be names of varieties, but in reality many of these are synonyms. Some of the reasons for this low yield could be attributed to cultivation of. Technical efficiency of cowpea production in osun state, nigeria. Walp extended recently from northern nigeria, its main production region, to the eastern and western states of southern nigeria. Effect of tillage on the growth and yield of cowpea varieties. Utilization of cowpea in the production of bean flour and canned products such as tomato sauce were discussed with their relative economic advantages. Cowpea plays a vital role as a source of livelihood for millions of people in west and central africa. Farmers guide to cowpea production in west africa citeseerx. It is chiefly used as a grain crop, for animal fodder, or as a vegetable. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Crop distribution cowpea is mainly cultivated in the lowmiddle altitude and dry areas of western and central zones of subsahara africa as depicted in annex 1. However, it has been reported elsewhere that the main limiting nutrients.
In the forest zone, cowpea may not be grown as the first crop on lands that have been in fallow for more than 10 years. Mar 04, 2016 cowpea is an important source of protein in both urban and rural nigeria. Walp is the most indigenous grain legume in nigeria and it is popularly known as bean in the local markets with different varietal names attached oyenuga, 1968. Cowpea, popularly referred to as beans, is the most economically important indigenous african legume and most versatile african crop which feeds people, their livestock, the soil and other crops. Cowpea can be planted in mixtures with buckwheat or sorghumsudangrass to maximize its potential to suppress weeds. Evidence from rainfall and temperature parameters m.
Farmers evaluate and distribute cowpea seeds during the purdue improved cowpea storage pics bag opening ceremony in kafinchiri village kano, nigeria, 2010. May 22, 2012 cowpea is considered by several authors as having been domesticated in nigeria or within a larger area including nigeria i. Particularly in nicaragua, with 73 percent of rural poverty and 53 percent of rural indigence cowpea crops known as alazin are promoted by certain ngos to improve soil and to prevent soil erosion. Balarabe kausani, smallholder farmer in northern nigeria left. This sample beanscowpea farming business plan in nigeria can be used for grant applications, bank loans, proposal writing, business concept note, competitions etc. In the wetter regions in the south, maize may be grown in double cropping systems as maizemaize.
Characterization of common nigerian cowpea vigna unguiculata. Potential impacts of improved cowpea under improved seed. Kamara 3 1department of crop science, university of benin, p. It is either grown for its nut, oil or its vegetative residue haulms. Cowpea is a very vital crop which is widely cultivated in many parts of nigeria, however, with increasing population over the years, the demand for the crop had gone up but the production has not. Okeleye and okelana, 1997, there is darth of information on the effects of n fertilizer on growth and yield of cowpea in nigeria. From its production, rural families derive food, animal feed, and. Although cowpea is known to be a quickgrowing weedfighter, it is less successful at suppressing perennial grasses, so cultivation of rows may. Production guidelines for cowpeas agricultural research council. Pdf adoption of cowpea production technologies among. For instance, ortiz 1998 reported that the production trend of cowpea in nigeria shows a significant improvement with about 441%.
Dalziel, a british botanist, and this led piper 19 to propose the african origin of cowpea1. In burkina faso, multilocation trials are being conducted in farako ba and kamboinse. Of this amount, africa accounts for 94% of grain production. Exact figures on area cultivated for cowpeas in africa are not available because of lack of reliable statistical enumeration. That notwithstanding, based on information available from food and agricul. Intercropping is widely practiced in different parts of nigeria. Worldwide production of cowpeas is approximately 20 million acres. In tanzania, production declined in the early 1970s but in the late 1970s it showed considerable improvement in production. Nigeria occupies a landmass of 923,768 km 2 and lies along latitudes 4 o 1 and o 9 n and longitudes 2 o 2 and 14 o 30 e. Growing cowpeas, cultivation practices for beginners.
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